Exchange visitors are individuals who come to the United States under the J-1 visa category to participate in an approved program of teaching, learning, research, consulting, training, or cultural exchange. The U.S. Department of State (DOS) oversees the Exchange Visitor Program and designates public and private organizations to act as exchange sponsors. The purpose of these programs is to foster the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and skills among people from different backgrounds, fields, and countries.
One of the initiatives that DOS launched in January 2022 is the Early Career STEM Research Initiative, which aims to attract and retain talent in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines. This initiative connects certain J-1 program sponsors with STEM-related sponsors, such as companies, that can offer opportunities for research and collaboration.
To qualify for the J-1 visa category, exchange visitors must meet the education, experience, and skills requirements that are specified by the DOS for each program category. Some examples of exchange visitors are:
- Professors or scholars who teach or conduct research at academic institutions
- Research assistants who assist in scientific or academic projects
- Students who pursue a degree or a non-degree program at an accredited school
- Trainees who receive on-the-job training in a specific field
- Teachers who teach at primary or secondary schools
- Specialists who share their expertise in a specialized area
- Au pairs who provide child care services and participate in cultural exchange
- Camp counselors who supervise and interact with children at summer camps